2020, Vol. 3, Issue 4, Part B

Background and Aim: Magnesium sulphate is used in the field of anaesthesia to increase the quality of anaesthesia. the aim of our prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was to combine MgSO₄ with 2% lignocaine in two different concentrations (75 mg and 150 mg) to evaluate the onset, duration and anesthetic efficacy, and postoperative analgesia during routine root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.

Material and Methods: The study consisted of three groups: 1.5 ml of 2% LA only (group 1), 1.5 ml of 2% LA with 0.15 ml of MgSO₄ containing an osmolar concentration of approximately 4.060 mosmol/ml that is equivalent to 75 mg of MgSO₄ (group 2). Group 3 consisted of 1.5 ml of 2% LA with 0.3 ml of MgSO₄ equivalent to 150 mg of MgSO₄. Pre-operative vitals and Heft Parker–Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS) pain scores were recorded. The onset of anesthesia, anesthetic efficacy, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated post administration of the local anesthetic solution. The post-operative analgesia was examined at intervals of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h.

Results: Both experimental groups showed a significant difference in the onset, duration, and anesthetic efficacy compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 in terms of the onset and anesthetic efficacy, but a significant difference was observed in the duration of anesthesia. Friedman non-parametric test showed significant reduction in pain from the 12th hour in the experimental groups.

Conclusion: Present study shows that both 75 mg and 150 mg of MgSO₄ in combination with LA are more effective than 2% LA alone. The anesthetic duration achieved with 75 mg of MgSO₄ is more than adequate for most of the dental procedures. Pertaining to the post-operative analgesia, both 75 mg and 150 mg did not have significant difference from 24 h onwards.